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Threats and Consequences

This section identifies key threats posed by the pests and pathogen systems presented in Section “Harmful Species”. Here you can get information on their impact on the ecosystems, agriculture and forestry and human health. Further, this section provides recommendations and improved practical solutions and novel integrated response measures for effective control and containment of native and alien pest threats., Supported by the EMPHASIS project’s outcomes, this information is particularly relevant to both broader audience, and practitioners, researchers, entrepreneurs as it indicates details related to cost, efficiency, productivity of the presented methods and technologies.

Puccinia spp. on wheat

Puccinia spp. on wheat

Puccinia spp. on wheat

Puccinia spp. (stem rust of wheat and other cereals): this fungal disease is indigenous in many parts of Europe and it is rare for serious epidemics to occur...

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Aphids

Aphids

Aphids

Aphids have the potential to cause major economic problems in most cereal crops through removal of sap, transmission of viruses and deposition of honeydew...

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Mycosphaerella graminicola

Mycosphaerella graminicola

Mycosphaerella graminicola

(Septoria tritici blotch - STB) is the main foliar fungal disease of wheat, present in most wheat-growing areas worldwide...

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Leptosphaeria maculans

Leptosphaeria maculans

Leptosphaeria maculans

Is a fungal disease agent of stem canker on oilseed rape (OSR), which causes losses throughout Europe, amounting to greater than 20% seed yield if uncontrolled...

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Seedlings insects

Seedlings insects

Seedlings insects

(Psylliodes chrysocephala, Phyllotreta nemorum, Delia radicum, Agriotes lineatus) are among the most important pest threatening OSR...

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Bemisia tabaci and associated viruses

Bemisia tabaci and associated viruses

Bemisia tabaci and associated viruses

Bemisia tabaci is an obligate phloem-feeding pest, which is globally distributed. Bemisia tabaci is listed on the EPPO A2 list and EPPO recommends its member...

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Peronospora belbahrii

Peronospora belbahrii (downy mildew)

Peronospora belbahrii

Various species of downy mildew can cause complete loss of high value crops such as basil and salad rocket...

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Soil-borne diseases

Soil-borne diseases

Soil-borne diseases

(Fusarium wilt agents, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., Meloidogyne spp., Sclerotium cepivorum) cause serious losses in vegetable crops from the initial stages, at the nursery level, of the production process up to harvest...

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Cydia pomonella

Cydia pomonella

Cydia pomonella

(codling moth) is an important pest of apple, pear and walnut in most parts of the world. Damage is caused by the larvae, which burrow into the fruits...

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Chalara fraxinea

Chalara fraxinea

Chalara fraxinea

(Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) (Ash dieback) is the highly fungal invasive species on woody plants in Europe, probably of Asian origin. ...

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Heterobasidion irregulare; Heterobasidion spp.

Heterobasidion irregulare; Heterobasidion spp.

Heterobasidion irregulare; Heterobasidion spp.

The fungus Heterobasidion spp. includes some of the most destructive pathogens of conifers worldwide...

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Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Common ragweed) is an invasive weed in Europe, native from North America. Its presence is increasing in all the European countries, in both agricultural...

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Ailanthus altissima

Ailanthus altissima

Ailanthus altissima

Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) has spread over a large part of Europe, and it mostly invades forests via roads or trails...

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Heracleum spp.

Heracleum spp.

Heracleum spp.

(giant hogweed) is an alien weed introduced from Western Greater Caucasus in temperate Europe. It impacts on ecosystems because it forms dense stands thus reducing biodiversity...

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